Module 11 Syllabus : Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls
The total No. of MCQs are 140 for B1.1
T
11.1-Theory of Flight No. of MCQ- 4
11.1.1-1-Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 2
Operation and Effect of:-Roll Control: Aileron and Spoilers; -Pitch Control: Elevators, Stabilators, Variable Incidence stabilizers and canards;-Yaw Control: Rudder Limiters Control using elevons, ruddervators; High Lift devices: slots, Slats, Flaps, Flaperons; Drag Inducing Devices: Spoilers, Lift Dampers, Speed Brakes; Effects of wing fences, Sawtooth leading edges; Boundary layer Control using: Vortex generators, Stall Wedges or leading Edge Devices; Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and anti-balance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.
11.1.2- Aeroplane, other aerodynamic devices.High Speed Flight Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 2
Speed of sound, subsonic flight, Transonic flight, Supersonic flight; Mac number, critical Mac number, Compressibility buffet, shockwave, aerodynamic heating, area rule; factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft; effects of sweepback on critical Mac number.
11.2- Airframe Structures - Level-A-1, B1-2 No. of MCQ- 10
(a) General Concepts
MCQ- 4
(b)Airworthiness requirements for Structural strength; Structural classification, primary, MCQ- 3
secondary and tertiary; fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts; Zonal and station identification systems;Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue; Drain and ventilation provisions; system installation provisions; Lightening strike protection provision; aircraft bonding;
(c)Construction Methods of stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, MCQ- 3
bulkhead frames, doublers ,struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, method of skinning, anticorrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments; Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding; Methods of surface protection ,such as chromating, anodising, painting; Surface cleaning; Airframe symmetry : methods of alignment and symmetry checks.
11.3 Airframe Structures - Aeroplanes No. of MCQ- 13
11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56)
(a) Construction principles Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 2
— Construction and pressurisation sealing;'
— Wing, stabiliser, pylon, and undercarriage attachments;
— Seat installation and cargo loading system;
— Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;
— Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.
(b) Airborne towing devices (glider, banner, target). Level-A-1 B1-1 MCQ- 1
(c) Doors — Doors and emergency exits: safety devices; Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 1
— Cargo loading system.
11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57) Level-A - 1 B1-2 MCQ- 3
Construction;. Fuel storage; Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.
11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55) Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 2
Construction; Control surface attachment.
11.3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 2
Construction and attachment; Balancing - mass and aerodynamic.
11.3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 2
Nacelles/Pylons: - Construction; - Firewalls; - Engine mounts.
11.4 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21) No. of MCQ- 11
11.4.1 Pressurisation Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 3 3 Pressurisation systems; Control and indication including control and safety valves; Cabin pressure controllers.
11.4.2 Air supply Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 3
Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart;
11.4.3 Air Conditioning Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 3
Air conditioning systems; Air cycle and vapour cycle machines; Distribution systems; Flow, temperature and humidity control system.
11.4.4 Safety and warning devices Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 2
Protection and warning devices.
11.5 Instruments/Avionic Systems No. of MCQ-9
11.5.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Level-A-1 B1-2 MCQ- 4
Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator; Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator; Compasses: direct reading, remote reading; Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems; Other aircraft system indication.
11.5.2 Avionic Systems Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 MCQ- 5
Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of;Auto Flight (ATA 22); Communications (ATA 23);
Navigation Systems (ATA 34).
11.6 Electrical Power (ATA 24) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ- 5
Batteries Installation and Operation; DC power generation; AC power generation;
Emergency power generation; Voltage regulation; Power distribution; Inverters,
transformers, rectifiers; Circuit protection. External/Ground power;
11.7 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) Level-A-1 B1- 2 No. of MCQ- 7
(a) Emergency equipment requirements; Seats, harnesses and belts. MCQ- 4
(b) Cabin layout; Equipment layout; Cabin Furnishing Installation; Cabin entertainment MCQ- 1
equipment; Galley installation; Cargo handling and retention equipment; Airstairs.
11.8 Fire Protection (ATA 26) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ- 4
(a) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; Fire extinguishing systems; System tests. MCQ- 3
(b) Portable fire extinguisher MCQ- 1
11.9 Flight Controls (ATA 27) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ- 13
Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler; Trim control; Active load control; High lift devices; Lift dump, speed brakes; System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, Fly-by-wire; Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems; Balancing and rigging; Stall protection/warning system.
11.10 Fuel Systems (ATA 28) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ-10
System layout; Fuel tanks; Supply systems; Dumping, venting and draining; Cross-feed and transfer; Indications and warnings; Refuelling and defuelling; Longitudinal balance fuel systems.
11.11 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ- 8
System lay-out; Hydraulic fluids; Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators; Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic; Emergency pressure generation; Pressure Control; Power distribution; Indication and warning systems; Interface with other systems.
11.12 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30) Level-A-1 B1- 2 No. of MCQ- 10
Ice formation, classification and detection; Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical; De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical; Rain repellant; Probe and drain heating. Wiper systems
11.13 Landing Gear (ATA 32) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ- 9
Construction, shock absorbing; Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency; Indications and warning; Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking; Tyres; Steering.
11.14 Lights (ATA 33) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ- 3
External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice; Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo; Emergency.
11.15 Oxygen (ATA 35) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ-4
System lay-out: cockpit, cabin; Sources, storage, charging and distribution;Supply regulation; Indications and warnings;
11.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ- 6
System lay-out; Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply; Pressure control; Distribution; Indications and warnings; Interfaces with other systems.
11.17 Water / Waste (ATA 38) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ- 3
Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining; Toilet system lay-out,flushing and servicing; Corrosion aspects.
11.18 On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45) Level-A-1 B1- 2 No. of MCQ-3
Central maintenance computers; Data loading system; Electronic library system; Printing; Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).
11.19 Integrated Modular Avionics (ATA42) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ-2
Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others: Bleed Management, Air Pressure Control, Air Ventilation and Control, Avionics and Cockpit Ventilation Control, Temperature Control, Air Traffic Communication, Avionics Communication Router, Electrical Load Management, Circuit Breaker Monitoring, Electrical System BITE, Fuel Management,
Braking Control , Steering Control, Landing Gear Extension and Retraction, Tyre Pressure Indication, Oleo Pressure Indication, Brake-Temperature Monitoring, etc. Core System; Network Components.
11.20 Cabin Systems (ATA44) Level-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ-2
The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System (CIDS)) and between the
aircraft cabin and ground stations (Cabin Network Service (CNS)). They include voice, data, music and video transmissions. CIDS provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange between the different related Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels (FAPs). CNS typically consists of a server, interfacing with, among others, the following systems:
— Data/Radio Communication;
— Cabin Core System (CCS);
— In-flight Entertainment System (IFES);
— External Communication System (ECS);
— Cabin Mass Memory System (CMMS);
— Cabin Monitoring System (CMS);
— Miscellaneous Cabin Systems (MCSs).
CNS may host functions such as:
— access to pre-departure/departure reports;
— e-mail/intranet/internet access; passenger database.
11.21 Information Systems (ATA46) LEVEL-A - 1 B1 - 2 No. of MCQ-2
The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display. Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and
Network Server Systems Aircraft General Information System; Flight Deck Information System Maintenance Information System; Passenger Cabin Information System; Miscellaneous Information System.
11.1 Theory of flight
(a) Aeroplane aerodynamics and flight controls 2 2
Operation and effect of:
— roll control: ailerons and spoilers;
— pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence
stabilisers and canards;
— yaw control, rudder limiters;
— elevons, ruddervators;
— high-lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;
— drag-inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed
brakes;
— trim tabs, servo tabs, control surface bias.
(b) Aeroplane: other aerodynamic devices 2 2
Operation and effect of:
— balance and antibalance (leading) tabs;
— spring tabs, mass balance, aerodynamic balance panels;
— mass balance, aerodynamic balance panels;
— effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;
— boundary layer control using vortex generators, stall
wedges or leading-edge devices.
11.2 Airframe structures (ATA 51)
(a) General concepts: 2 2
— Zonal and station identification systems;
— Electrical bonding;
— Lightning strike protection provisions.
(b) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength: 2 2
— Structural classification: primary, secondary, and tertiary;
— Fail-safe, safe-life, damage-tolerance concepts;
— Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension,
hoop stress, fatigue;
— Drains and ventilation provisions;
— System installation provisions.
(c) Construction methods 2 2
— Stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons,
bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor
structures, reinforcement, skinning, anticorrosive protection,
wing, empennage and engine attachments;
— Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;
— Methods of surface protection, such as chromating,
anodising, painting;
— Surface cleaning;
— Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry
checks.
11.3 Airframe structures — aeroplanes
11.3.1 Fuselage, doors, windows (ATA 52/53/56) 2 2
(a) Construction principles
— Construction and pressurisation sealing;
— Wing, stabiliser, pylon, and undercarriage attachments;
— Seat installation and cargo loading system;
— Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms,
operation and safety devices;
— Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.
(b) Airborne towing devices (glider, banner, target). 1 1
(c) Doors 2 1
— Doors and emergency exits: safety devices;
— Cargo loading system.
11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57) 2 2
Construction;
Fuel storage;
Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag
attachments.
11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55) 2 2
Construction;
Control surface attachment.
11.3.4 Flight control surfaces (ATA 55/57) 2 2
Construction and attachments;
Balancing — mass and aerodynamics.
11.3.5 Nacelles/pylons (ATA 54) 2 2
Nacelles/Pylons:
— Construction,
— Firewalls,
— Engine mounts.
11.4 Air conditioning and cabin pressurisation (ATA 21)
(a) Pressurisation 3 3
Pressurisation systems;
Cabin pressure controllers, control, and safety valves;
Control and indication.
(b) Air supply 3 -
Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and
ground cart;
Distribution systems.
(c) Air conditioning 3 -
Air-conditioning systems;
Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;
Flow, temperature and humidity control system;
Control and indication control valves.
(d) Safety and warning devices 3 3
Protection and warning devices.
(e) Heating and ventilation systems. - 3
11.5 Instruments / avionics systems
11.5.1 Instrument systems (ATA 31) 2 2
Pitot-static:
Airspeed indicators,
Vertical speed indicators,
Altimeters;
Gyroscopic:
Gyroscopic principles,
Artificial horizons,
Attitude directors,
Direction indicators,
Horizontal situation indicators (HSI),
Slip indicators, Turn indicators, Turn coordinators;
Compass systems: systems, direct reading, remote reading,
Stall-warning systems and angle-of-attack indicating systems,
Glass cockpit,
Indications of other aircraft systems.
11.5.2 Avionics systems 1 1
Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of:
Autoflight (ATA 22);
Communication systems (ATA 23):
— Very High Frequency (VHF) communications,
— High Frequency (HF) communications,
— Satellite Communications (SATCOM),
— Controller–pilot data link communications (CPDLC),
— Audio systems,
— Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs),
— Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR);
Navigation systems (ATA 34):
— Very high frequency omnidirectional range (VOR),
— Automatic direction finder (ADF),
— Instrument landing system (ILS),
— Microwave landing system (MLS),
— Flight director systems (FDSs), distance-measuring
equipment (DME),
— Area navigation (RNAV) systems,
— Flight management systems (FMSs),
— Satellite navigation systems,
— Air traffic control transponder, secondary surveillance
radar,
— Traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS),
— Weather avoidance radar,
— Radio altimeter,
— Inertial navigation system (INS),
— ARINC (Aeronautical Radio Incorporated) communication
and reporting.
Types and uses of avionics general test equipment.
11.6 Electrical power (ATA 24) 3 3
— Installation and operation of batteries;
— DC power generation;
— AC power generation;
— Emergency power generation;
— Voltage regulation;
— Power distribution;
— Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;
— Circuit protection;
— External/ground power.
11.7 Equipment and furnishings (ATA 25)
(a) Emergency equipment:
Emergency equipment requirements.
2 2 2 2 2
(b) Cabin and cargo layout:
— Seats, harnesses, and belts;
— Cabin layout;
— Equipment layout;
— Cabin furnishing installation;
— Galley installation;
— Cargo handling and retention equipment;
— Airstairs.
1 1 1 1 —
11.8 Fire protection (ATA 26)
(a) Fire and smoke detection system, and fire-extinguishing
systems:
— Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;
— Fire-extinguishing systems;
— System tests.
1 1 1 1 —
(b) Portable fire extinguisher. 1 1 1 1 1
11.9 Flight controls (ATA 27)
(a) Primary and secondary flight controls:
— Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;
— Trim control, trim tabs;
— High-lift devices;
— System operation: manual;
— Gust locks and gust lock systems;
— Artificial feel, yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter;
— Stall-warning systems.
1 1 3 3 2
(b) Actuation and protection:
— Active load control;
— Lift dump, speed brakes;
— Hydraulic, pneumatic systems;
— Stall-protection systems.
1 — 3 — —
(c) System operation:
Electrical systems, fly-by-wire systems.
1 — 3 — —
(d) Balancing and rigging. 1 1 3 3 2
11.10 Fuel systems (ATA 28, ATA 47)
Easy Access Rules for Continuing Airworthiness
(Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014)
Annex III (Part-66)
APPENDICES TO ANNEX III (Part-66)
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MODULE 11 — AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND
SYSTEMS
LEVEL
A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B3
(a) Systems:
— System layout;
— Fuel tanks;
— Supply systems.
1 1 3 3 1
(b) Fuel handling:
— Cross-feed and transfer;
— Refuelling and defuelling.
1 1 3 3 1
(c) Indication and warnings. 1 1 3 3 1
(d) Special systems:
— Dumping, venting, and draining;
— Inert gas systems.
1 — 3 — —
(e) Balancing:
Longitudinal balance fuel systems.
1 — 3 — —
11.11 Hydraulic power (ATA 29)
(a) System description:
System layout;
Hydraulic fluids;
Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;
Filters;
Power distribution.
1 1 3 3 2
(b) System operation (1):
Pressure generation: electric and mechanical;
Pressure control;
Indication and warning systems;
Servicing.
1 1 3 3 2
(c) System operation (2):
Pressure generation: pneumatic;
Emergency pressure generation;
Interface with other systems.
1 — 3 — —
11.12 Ice and rain protection (ATA 30)
(a) Principles:
Ice formation, classification, and detection.
1 1 3 3 1
(b) De-icing:
De-icing systems: electrical, hot-air, pneumatic, chemical;
Probe and drain heating.
1 1 3 3 1
(c) Anti-icing:
Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot-air, chemical.
1 — 3 — —
(d) Wipers:
Wiper systems.
1 1 3 3 1
(e) Rain-repellent systems. 1 — 3 — —
11.13 Landing gear (ATA 32)
(a) Description: 2 2 3 3 2
Construction, shock absorbing;
Tyres.
Easy Access Rules for Continuing Airworthiness
(Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014)
Annex III (Part-66)
APPENDICES TO ANNEX III (Part-66)
Powered by EASA eRules Page 609 of 1265| Jul 2024
MODULE 11 — AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND
SYSTEMS
LEVEL
A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B3
(b) Systems:
Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;
Indications and warnings;
Wheels, brakes, antiskid, and autobraking;
Steering.
2 2 3 3 2
(c) Air–ground sensing. 2 — 3 — —
(d) Tail protection:
Skids.
2 2 3 3 2
11.14 Lights (ATA 33) 2 2 3 3 2
External: navigation, anticollision, landing, taxiing, ice;
Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;
Emergency.
11.15 Oxygen (ATA 35) 1 1 3 3 2
System layout: cockpit, cabin;
Sources, storage, charging and distribution;
Supply regulation;
Indications and warnings.
11.16 Pneumatic / vacuum (ATA 36)
(a) Systems: 1 1 3 3 2
System layout;
Sources: engine / APU (Auxiliary Power Unit), compressors,
reservoirs, ground supply;
Pressure control;
Distribution;
Indications and warnings;
Interface with other systems.
(b) Pumps:
Pressure and vacuum pumps.
1 1 3 3 2
11.17 Water / waste (ATA 38)
(a) Systems:
Water system layout, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;
Toilet system layout, flushing and servicing.
2 2 3 3 2
(b) Corrosion:
Corrosion aspects.
2 2 3 3 2
11.18 Onboard maintenance systems (ATA 45) 1 — 2 — —
Central maintenance computers;
Data-loading system;
Electronic library system;
Printing systems;
Structure monitoring (damage-tolerance monitoring).
11.19 Integrated modular avionics (IMA) (ATA 42) 1 — 2 — —
(a) Overall system description and theory:
Core system; network components;
Functions that may be typically integrated in the integrated modular
avionics (IMA) modules are, among others:
Easy Access Rules for Continuing Airworthiness
(Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014)
Annex III (Part-66)
APPENDICES TO ANNEX III (Part-66)
Powered by EASA eRules Page 610 of 1265| Jul 2024
MODULE 11 — AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND
SYSTEMS
LEVEL
A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B3
Bleed management, air pressure control, air ventilation and control,
avionics and cockpit ventilation control, temperature control, air
traffic communication, avionics communication router, electrical
load management, circuit breaker monitoring, electrical system
BITE, fuel management, braking control, steering control, landing
gear extension and retraction, tyre pressure indication, oleo
pressure indication, brake temperature monitoring, etc.
(b) Typical system layout. 1 — 2 — —
11.20 Cabin systems (ATA 44) 1 — 2 — —
System architecture, operation, and control of systems for:
— passenger in-flight entertainment;
— communication within the aircraft (Cabin
intercommunication data system (CIDS);
— communication between the aircraft cabin and ground
stations;
— including voice, data, music, and video transmission.
CIDS interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems.
Data exchange between the different related line replaceable units
(LRUs).
Flight attendant panels (FAPs).
Cabin network server (CNS) and interfaces with the following
systems:
— Data/radio communication;
— Cabin core system (CCS);
— In-flight entertainment system (IFES);
— External communication system (ECS);
— Cabin mass memory system (CMMS);
— Cabin monitoring system (CMS);
— Miscellaneous cabin systems (MCSs); and
— Other systems.
Cabin network server (CNS) hosting functions:
— Access to predeparture/departure reports;
— Email/intranet/internet access; passenger database;
— In-flight entertainment system;
— External communication system;
— Cabin mass memory system;
— Cabin monitoring system;
— Miscellaneous cabin system.
11.21 Information systems (ATA 46) 1 — 2 — —
System architecture, operation, and control of:
— Storage and electronic library;
— Updating;
— Retrieving of digital information;
— Air traffic and information management systems (ATIMS) and
network server systems;
— Aircraft general information system;
— Flight deck information system;
— Maintenance information system;
— Passenger cabin information system;
— Miscellaneous information systems;
— Other linked systems.
✈️ What do QNH, QFE, and STANDARD mean in aviation? Measuring altitude might seem simple, but it’s a bit more complex than you’d think. Pilots use three key altimeter settings to know "where they are" in the sky. Let me break it down for you:
🔹 QNH: Altitude above sea level
🌊QNH adjusts the altimeter to display the aircraft’s altitude above sea level—the true altitude.📍 When is it used? During takeoff, landing, and flights at low or medium altitudes. It helps pilots avoid obstacles like mountains and buildings.
🌦 Where does it come from? It’s derived from METARs (aviation weather reports) and reflects local atmospheric pressure adjusted to sea level. Example: If you’re at an airport and set your altimeter to QNH, it will show the airport’s elevation above sea level.
🔹 QFE: Altitude above ground
🌳QFE adjusts the altimeter to indicate the aircraft’s height above the ground directly below it.📍 When is it used?Primarily for low-altitude operations like landings or flights near the ground, where knowing the exact distance to the terrain is critical.
📍 Where is it common?
Mostly in parts of Europe and military aviation, though it’s less commonly used in modern civil aviation.Example: If you’re on the ground and set your altimeter to QFE, it will read zero because you’re at ground level.🔹 STANDARD: Uniform altitudes at higher levels 🌍This setting uses a fixed pressure of 1013.25 hPa (29.92 inHg), a global standard.📍 Why is it important?At higher altitudes, local pressure differences don’t matter as much. Using a standard setting ensures all aircraft operate on the same reference, maintaining proper separation.📍 When is it used?At higher altitudes, referred to as "Flight Levels" (e.g., FL100 for 10,000 feet).Fun fact: Above a certain altitude, instead of saying, “We’re flying at 10,000 feet,” pilots say, “We’re at flight level 100,” based on this standard setting.✈️ Why are these settings important?They ensure pilots can navigate accurately, avoid obstacles, and stay coordinated in a busy sky. 🚀✅ QNH: To know your altitude above sea level.✅ QFE: To measure how close you are to the ground.✅ STANDARD: For consistent altitudes at higher levels.Now you know one of the best-kept secrets of aviation. This is how aircraft “speak the same language” in the air! 🌤️hashtag#Aviation hashtag#Altimeters hashtag#FlightSafety hashtag#Pilots hashtag#DidYouKnow